ABSTRACT
Streptomyces blastmyceticus strain 12-6 was isolated from a forest soil sample of Cheonan area on the basis of strong antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi. Butanol extracts of the cultural filtrates were active against C. acutatum, C. coccodes, C. gloeosporioides, F. oxysporum, and T. roseum. Active fractions were prepared by thin layer chromatography using silica gel plate; 12-6-2 (R(f) 0.36), 12-6-3 (R(f) 0.44). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the active fractions caused a change in surface texture of fungal spores from smooth surface to wrinkled surface. The lethal effect on the spores of the active fractions varied from 56% to 100%. It was shown that the spores of C. acutatum were more sensitive to the antifungal fractions than the spores of F. oxysporum. Fluorescence staining using TOTO-1 indicated that the antifungal fractions could make the spores more sensitive to the fluorescence dye. Thus, it was suggested that antifungal agents prepared in this study exhibited the antifungal activity by damaging the plasma membrane of both fungal spores and hyphae. Identification of antifungal agents in the active fraction using GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of cyclo-(Leu-Pro) and 9-octadecenamide as major components that have already been known as antifungal substances.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze and compare the clinical and radiologic results of treatments in unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and compression hip screw with trochanter stabilizing plate (CHS with TSP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of 66 cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated with PFNA (Group I) and CHS with TSP (Group II) which could be followed up for minimum a year. We evaluated several comparative factors such as operation time, blood loss, time to bone union, changes in neck-shaft angle, sliding of screw (or blade), complications, postoperative pain, social-function score of Jensen, and mobility score of Parker and Palmer. RESULTS: Group I showed shorter operation time and less blood loss with significance than group II (p0.05). Two cases of cutting out of the blade through the femoral head were found in group I. One case of cutting out of the screw, one case of the breakage of the plate, and loosening of the plate were found in group II as complications. CONCLUSION: We think that there were no significant differences between PFNA and CHS with TSP in view point of radiologic and clinical outcomes in unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur, but PFNA is less invasive device than CHS with TSP, therefore it may be useful device in elderly patients.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Femur , Head , Hip , Hip Fractures , Nails , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
This study was initiated to investigate the effect of ultrasound(US) stimulation on therapeutic effects on human osteoarthritic cartilage repair. Cartilage explants from human osteoarthritic knee were sonicated for 10 minutes every day using continuous wave at frequency 1 MHz US signals with spatial and temporal average intensities of 0, 40, 200, 500 and 700mW/cm2. One group of explants was exposed to sham ultrasound as a control. After 1 week of culture, the intensity-dependent effects of US on DNA, proteoglycan (PG) and collagen synthesis were measured by 3H-thymidine, 35S-sulfate, 3H-proline incorporation, respectively. The expression of PG and type II collagen released into medium were measured by DMB (dimethylmethylene blue) method and western blot analysis. Safranin O/fast green and immunohistochemical staining with anti-collagen type II antibody were performed using the serial sections of cartilage explants. The histochemical examination showed that the expression of PG at the pericellular area in the deep layer increased continuously up to 700mW/cm2. In contrast, the depth of the superficial layer significantly decreased after treatment of sonication at 500 and 700mW/cm2. The expression of PG and type II collagen assessed by the isotope incorporation was significantly enhanced to the level up to 140%, 120% respectively, although US had no stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. These results suggest that optimum intensity of US for the effective expression of extracellular matrix in osteoarthritic cartilage may be around 200mW/cm2. In conclusion, our study suggests the possibilities that sonication may be therapeutically utilized for the repair of human osteoarthritic cartilage.